ubuntu 磁盘挂载与lvm

背景：原ubuntu_server在一个256GB的SSD之上，最近开了几个docker后占用瞬间上来了，寻思就增加一块HDD。

硬盘挂载(标准分区形式)

GPT 分区

检测硬盘信息

# 查看硬盘信息与分区情况
sudo fdisk -l
## 新增硬盘: /dev/sda

fdisk分区

sudo fdisk /dev/sda
# 我只创建了一个分区，GPT,可自主决定是否多个分区以及分区格式、类型

格式化分区
```
 sudo mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sda1
```

挂载

# 挂载点创建
sudo mkdir /hdd
# 挂载
sudo mount /dev/sda1 /hdd
# 查看挂载信息
mount
df -lh
# e.g.
☁  ~  sudo df -lh        
Filesystem                         Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv  207G   26G  172G  13% /
/dev/sdb2                          2.0G  252M  1.6G  14% /boot
/dev/sdb1                          1.1G  5.3M  1.1G   1% /boot/efi
/dev/sda1                          3.6T   58G  3.4T   2% /hdd
   

自动挂载

☁  ~  sudo vim /etc/fstab 
# <file system> <mount point>   <type>  <options>       <dump>  <pass>
# mount hdd on /data
/dev/sda1 /hdd ext4 defaults 0 1
   
# 也可以通过uuid的形式挂载
/dev/disk/by-uuid/edd9-xxxxx-xxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-886 /hdd ext4 defaults 0 1
   
# 添加完信息保存后，执行 sudo mount -a 命令，如果没有异常报错就ok
sudo mount -a 
   
# list uuid
☁  ~  sudo blkid -c /dev/null
/dev/sda1: UUID="edd9-xxxxx-xxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-886" BLOCK_SIZE="4096" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="16226f92-edd9-xxxxx-xxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-886"
   
## 挂载参数解读
# <file system>  分区设备文件名或UUID
# <mount point>  挂载点
# <type>         文件系统名称
# <options>      挂载参数，挂载权限   
# <dump>         指定分区是否被dump备份，0代表不备份，1代表每天备份，2代表不定期备份。
# <pass>         指定分区是否被fsck检测，0代表不检测，其他数字代表检测的优先级，比如1的优先级比2高。根目录所在的分区的优先级为1，其他分区的优先级为大于或等于2

硬盘挂载(lvm)

挂载好了后发现，直接建立gpt分区做的挂载，没用上lvm，虽然后期也不太会再加硬盘，但是，我可以不用，我不能没有。

lvm ext4

检测硬盘信息

# 查看硬盘信息与分区情况
sudo fdisk -l
## /dev/sda

fdisk清楚分区并格式修改为lvm

# 2.1 清楚分区与分区格式转换
sudo fdisk /dev/sda
   
# n   add a new partition
# e.g. 
n   add a new partition
Command (m for help): n
Partition number (1-128, default 1): 
First sector (34-468862094, default 2048): 
Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-468862094, default 468862094): 
   
Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux filesystem' and of size 223.6 GiB.
Partition #1 contains a vfat signature.
   
Do you want to remove the signature? [Y]es/[N]o: Y
The signature will be removed by a write command.
   
# t   change a partition type
# e.g. 
t   change a partition type
Aliases:
   linux          - 0FC63DAF-8483-4772-8E79-3D69D8477DE4
   swap           - 0657FD6D-A4AB-43C4-84E5-0933C84B4F4F
   home           - 933AC7E1-2EB4-4F13-B844-0E14E2AEF915
   uefi           - C12A7328-F81F-11D2-BA4B-00A0C93EC93B
   raid           - A19D880F-05FC-4D3B-A006-743F0F84911E
   lvm            - E6D6D379-F507-44C2-A23C-238F2A3DF928
Partition type or alias (type L to list all): lvm
Changed type of partition 'Linux filesystem' to 'Linux LVM'.
   
   
# 2.2 依次创建pv vg lv
## pv
☁  ~  sudo pvcreate /dev/sda1 
  Physical volume "/dev/sda1" successfully created.
## vg
☁  ~  sudo vgcreate lvm_hdd /dev/sda1
  Volume group "lvm_hdd" successfully created 
## lv 
#  pattern: lvcreate -L <size> -n <lvName> <VGName>
☁  ~  sudo lvcreate -L 3.6T -n hdd lvm_hdd          
  Rounding up size to full physical extent 3.60 TiB
  Logical volume "hdd" created.
# e.g. lsblk
☁  ~  lsblk
NAME                      MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
sda                         8:0    0   3.6T  0 disk 
└─sda1                      8:1    0   3.6T  0 part 
  └─lvm_hdd-hdd           253:1    0   3.6T  0 lvm  
sdb                         8:16   0 223.6G  0 disk 
├─sdb1                      8:17   0     1G  0 part /boot/efi
├─sdb2                      8:18   0     2G  0 part /boot
└─sdb3                      8:19   0 220.5G  0 part 
  └─ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv 253:0    0   210G  0 lvm  /
     

格式化lv

## pattern:mkfs -t ext4 /dev/<vg_name>/<lv_name>
☁  ~  sudo mkfs -t ext4 /dev/lvm_hdd/hdd                               
mke2fs 1.46.5 (30-Dec-2021)
Creating filesystem with 966368256 4k blocks and 241598464 inodes
Filesystem UUID: edd9e5d2-98e3-4dca-8bbd-1f0a4a43c886
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 
        4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968, 
        102400000, 214990848, 512000000, 550731776, 644972544
   
Allocating group tables: done                            
Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (262144 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done  

挂载

## 正常挂载
sudo mkdir /data                  
sudo mount /dev/lvm_hdd/hdd /data
   
# 查看挂载信息
mount
df -lh
## e.g.
☁  ~  sudo df -lh   
Filesystem                         Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv  207G   26G  172G  13% /
/dev/sdb2                          2.0G  254M  1.6G  14% /boot
/dev/sdb1                          1.1G  5.3M  1.1G   1% /boot/efi
/dev/mapper/lvm_hdd-hdd            3.6T   58G  3.4T   2% /data

自动挂载

 ☁  ~  sudo vim /etc/fstab 
 # <file system> <mount point>   <type>  <options>       <dump>  <pass>
 # mount hdd on /data
 /dev/mapper/lvm_hdd-hdd  /data ext4 defaults 0 1
    
 # 也可以通过uuid的形式挂载
 /dev/disk/by-uuid/edd9-xxxxx-xxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-886 /data ext4 defaults 0 1
    
 ## 添加完信息保存后，执行 sudo mount -a 命令，如果没有异常报错就ok
 sudo mount -a 

 # list uuid 
 ☁  ~  sudo blkid -c /dev/null
 # 选mapper这个uuid
 /dev/mapper/lvm_hdd-hdd: UUID="edd9-xxxxx-xxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-886" BLOCK_SIZE="4096" TYPE="ext4"
 /dev/sda1: UUID="abcd-xxxxx-xxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-995" BLOCK_SIZE="4096" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="16226f92-edd9-xxxxx-xxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-995"

lvm扩容(vg存在空闲)

256GB的ssd之前只开了一半空间

查看存在的卷组

## list block
☁  ~  sudo lsblk   
NAME                      MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
sdb                         8:16   0 223.6G  0 disk 
├─sdb1                      8:17   0     1G  0 part /boot/efi
├─sdb2                      8:18   0     2G  0 part /boot
└─sdb3                      8:19   0 220.5G  0 part 
  └─ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv 253:0    0   100G  0 lvm  /
## list vg
☁  ~  sudo vgdisplay
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               ubuntu-vg
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        1
  Metadata Sequence No  2
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                1
  Open LV               1
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                1
  Act PV                1
  VG Size               <220.52 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              56452
  Alloc PE / Size       25600 / 100.00 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       30852 / <120.52 GiB
  VG UUID               keDVak-IAwn-ztCD-a5Gp-elxl-5iwG-bZWDeZ

lvextend 进行扩容

## 使用 lvextend 进行扩容 <target size>
sudo lvextend -L 210G /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv
## 使用 resize2fs 更新
sudo resize2fs /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv
## list block
☁  ~  sudo lsblk                                             
NAME                      MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
sdb                         8:16   0 223.6G  0 disk 
├─sdb1                      8:17   0     1G  0 part /boot/efi
├─sdb2                      8:18   0     2G  0 part /boot
└─sdb3                      8:19   0 220.5G  0 part 
  └─ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv 253:0    0   210G  0 lvm  /

lvm扩容(新增磁盘扩容vg)

没实践过，目测流程ok

查看存在的卷组

## list pv
pvdisplay
## list vg
vgdisplay

新增磁盘创建pv
```
pvcreate /dev/sdc1
```

扩容vg

# pattern: vgextend <vg_name> <pv_name>
## e.g. 模拟加3.6T 的sdc
vgextend lvm_hdd /dev/sdc1

扩容lv

## 使用 lvextend 进行扩容 <target size>
sudo lvextend -L 7.2T /dev/mapper/lvm_hdd-hdd
## 或 +3.6T
sudo lvextend -L +3.6T /dev/mapper/lvm_hdd-hdd
## 或 100% 
sudo lvextend -L +100%FREE /dev/mapper/lvm_hdd-hdd
   
## (ext4)使用 resize2fs 更新
sudo resize2fs /dev/mapper/lvm_hdd-hdd
## (xfs)使用 xfs_groupfs 更新
sudo xfs_groupfs /dev/mapper/lvm_hdd-hdd

ubuntu server mount disk with lvm

硬盘挂载(标准分区形式)

硬盘挂载(lvm)

lvm扩容(vg存在空闲)

lvm扩容(新增磁盘扩容vg)