主要为闲置电脑搭建ubuntu server的记录
因为个人对ubuntu比较熟悉，所以这里选择安装ubuntu_server_22.04 LTS 版本
- 安装过程记得安装ssh
1.1 账户配置
vim /etc/hostname # 修改主机名
## sudo passwd {用户名} 修改密码范式
sudo passwd root #启用root账号并设置密码，根据提示输入2次密码
## su - {用户名} 切换用户范式
su - root #切换到root用户，需输入root密码
su - dave #切换到dave用户
## sudo passwd -l {用户名} 禁用用户范式
sudo passwd -l root # 禁用root账号，如果要启用，输入sudo passwd root再次设置root密码
## adduser {用户名} 普通用户添加范式
adduser dave #创建一个普通用户dave
# 添加用户并生成home目录
sudo useradd username -m
# 添加用户到sudo组
sudo usermod -aG sudo username
# 设置用户名密码
sudo passwd username
## home目录迁移
# 在 data 下创建 username 文件夹
mkdir /data/username
# 迁移数据到新的home目录
mv /home/username/* /data/username/*
# 修改 home 目录到 /data 下
sudo usermod -d /data/username username
1.2 网络配置
## ubuntu_server_20.04 LTS 使用 netplan ⽅式，配置⽂件路径为：/etc/netplan/00-installer-config.yaml
## 更推荐此方式配置静态地址
vim /etc/netplan/00-installer-config.yaml
## 具体内容
network:
ethernets:
enp3s0:
addresses: [192.168.1.106/24]
dhcp4: false
optional: true
nameservers:
addresses: [223.5.5.5,8.8.8.8]
enp4s0:
addresses: [192.168.1.107/24]
dhcp4: false
optional: true
routes:
- to: default
via: 192.168.1.1
nameservers:
addresses: [223.5.5.5,8.8.8.8]
version: 2
## 配置生效
netplan apply
## 查阅ip是否固化
ifconfig | grep inet
1.3 软件源配置
## 查看系统信息
☁ ~ cat /proc/version
Linux version 5.15.0-50-generic (buildd@lcy02-amd64-086) (gcc (Ubuntu 11.2.0-19ubuntu1) 11.2.0, GNU ld (GNU Binutils for Ubuntu) 2.38) #56-Ubuntu SMP Tue Sep 20 13:23:26 UTC 2022
☁ ~ lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description: Ubuntu 22.04.1 LTS
Release: 22.04
Codename: jammy
## 换源
cd /etc/apt/
sudo cp sources.list sources.list.bak
sudo vim sources.list
## 替换内容
# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
# 预发布软件源，不建议启用
# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
## 记得update
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
1.5 shell
zsh
## 查看shell
cat /etc/shells
## install zsh
apt install zsh
## 将zsh设置成默认shell（不设置的话启动zsh需要zsh命令即可）
chsh -s /bin/zsh
oh-my-zsh
## 官方
sh -c "$(wget -O- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh)"
## gitee镜像
sh -c "$(wget -O- https://gitee.com/mirrors/oh-my-zsh/raw/master/tools/install.sh)"
sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://gitee.com/shmhlsy/oh-my-zsh-install.sh/raw/master/install.sh)"
sh -c "$(curl -fsSL #!/bin/sh # # This script should be run via curl: # sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubuserconten \
| sed 's|^REPO=.*|REPO=${REPO:-mirrors/oh-my-zsh}|g' \
| sed 's|^REMOTE=.*|REMOTE=${REMOTE:-https://gitee.com/${REPO}.git}|g')"
插件
## 插件推荐
git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-autosuggestions ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-~/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/plugins/zsh-autosuggestions
git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-syntax-highlighting.git ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-~/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/plugins/zsh-syntax-highlighting
## 同步修改
plugins=(其他的插件 web-search zsh-syntax-highlighting zsh-autosuggestions)
## 主题设置
cloud
## 主题列表
ls ~/.oh-my-zsh/themes | while read filename
do
echo $filename | cut -d. -f-1
done
## 预览所有主题
cd ~/.oh-my-zsh/tools && zsh ./theme_chooser.sh
## 最好安装 Powerline 字体，许多主题中有很多图标需要显示
shell环境问题
1.若创建用户登录服务器，终端中，按上下左右键，回显^[[A、^[[B、^[[C、^[[D情况，则终端环境出现问题
出现上述问题的时候，命令行往往只显示一个提示符：
$
可尝试先用 bash 解决
## 1、切换 bash 模式
bash
## 2、shell 变更
chsh
## 在Login Shell [*]后输入
/bin/bash
## 以后每次连接都会使用 bash
## zsh类似
1.4 mysql
正常安装mysql
## libtinfo.so.5缺这个 如何解决的
sudo apt-get install libncurses5
## 依赖修复
sudo apt --fix-broken install
wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-server_5.7.31-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb-bundle.tar
tar -xvf mysql-server_5.7.31-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb-bundle.tar
rm -f mysql-testsuite_5.7.31-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb
rm -f mysql-community-test_5.7.30-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i mysql-*.deb
mysql -V # mysql版本信息
netstat -tap | grep mysql # mysql服务查阅
## e.g.
☁ ~ mysql -V
mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.31, for Linux (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper
☁ ~ netstat -tap | grep mysql
(Not all processes could be identified, non-owned process info
will not be shown, you would have to be root to see it all.)
tcp 0 0 localhost:mysql 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN -
mysql端口开放远程登录
## 配置mysql
sudo vim /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf
## 注释掉bind ip 并配置 port = 3306
port = 3306
# By default we only accept connections from localhost
# bind-address = 127.0.0.1
## 允许root访问
mysql -u root -p ## 输入密码
use mysql ## 选择访问mysql库
update user set host = '%' where user = 'root'; ## 使root能再任何host访问
FLUSH PRIVILEGES; ## 刷新
## 开放root账号所有权限
grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by 'yourpasswd';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'yourpasswd' WITH GRANT OPTION;
## 查看端口开放
netstat -an|grep 3306
## 探测目标主机1-10000范围内所开放的所有端口
nmap 192.168.1.1
## 探测指定地址端口开放
nmap 192.168.1.1 -p3306
## e.g.
☁ ~ netstat -an|grep 3306
tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN
☁ ~ nmap 192.168.1.111 -p3306
Starting Nmap 7.80 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2022-10-20 18:15 UTC
Nmap scan report for ubuntuserver (192.168.1.17)
Host is up (0.00027s latency).
PORT STATE SERVICE
3306/tcp open mysql
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.13 seconds
1.5 安装jdk
sudo apt install openjdk-11-jdk
sudo apt install openjdk-17-jdk
## 切换jdk
sudo update-alternatives --config java
## e.g.
☁ ~ java -version
openjdk version "1.8.0_342"
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_342-8u342-b07-0ubuntu1~22.04-b07)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.342-b07, mixed mode)
☁ ~ sudo update-alternatives --config java
There are 3 choices for the alternative java (providing /usr/bin/java).
Selection Path Priority Status
------------------------------------------------------------
0 /usr/lib/jvm/java-17-openjdk-amd64/bin/java 1711 auto mode
* 1 /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/java 1111 manual mode
2 /usr/lib/jvm/java-17-openjdk-amd64/bin/java 1711 manual mode
3 /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/jre/bin/java 1081 manual mode
1.6 安装docker
sudo apt-get install docker.io
## 用户加入docker组
sudo gpasswd -a <user_name> docker
newgrp docker
## 重启docker
sudo systemctl restart docker
## e.g.
☁ ~ sudo gpasswd -a dave docker
Adding user dave to group docker
jekyll环境
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ruby-full make gcc nodejs build-essential patch
C++ 环境
clang
- 获取签名
wget -O - https://apt.llvm.org/llvm-snapshot.gpg.key | sudo apt-key add - - 添加llvm软件源地址
vim /etc/apt/sources.list - ubuntu 20.04 focal
## ubuntu 20.04 focal deb http://apt.llvm.org/focal/ llvm-toolchain-focal main deb-src http://apt.llvm.org/focal/ llvm-toolchain-focal main # 15 deb http://apt.llvm.org/focal/ llvm-toolchain-focal-15 main deb-src http://apt.llvm.org/focal/ llvm-toolchain-focal-15 main # 16 deb http://apt.llvm.org/focal/ llvm-toolchain-focal-16 main deb-src http://apt.llvm.org/focal/ llvm-toolchain-focal-16 main - ubuntu 22.04 jammy
## ubuntu 22.04 jammy deb http://apt.llvm.org/jammy/ llvm-toolchain-jammy main deb-src http://apt.llvm.org/jammy/ llvm-toolchain-jammy main # 15 deb http://apt.llvm.org/jammy/ llvm-toolchain-jammy-15 main deb-src http://apt.llvm.org/jammy/ llvm-toolchain-jammy-15 main # 16 deb http://apt.llvm.org/jammy/ llvm-toolchain-jammy-16 main deb-src http://apt.llvm.org/jammy/ llvm-toolchain-jammy-16 main
sudo apt update
sudo apt install clang
clang -v
export CC=/usr/bin/clang CXX=/usr/bin/clang++
工具安装
iperf3
sudo apt install iperf3
## iperf3 server start
iperf3 -s
## 测试UDP吞吐量
iperf3 -u -c 192.168.1.107 -b 100m -t 60
## 进行上下行带宽测试（TCP双向传输）
iperf3 -c 192.168.1.107 -d -t 60
## test 本地perf
☁ ~ iperf3 -s
-----------------------------------------------------------
Server listening on 5201
-----------------------------------------------------------
☁ ~ iperf3 -u -c 127.0.0.1 -b 100000m -t 5
Connecting to host 127.0.0.1, port 5201
[ 5] local 127.0.0.1 port 36583 connected to 127.0.0.1 port 5201
[ ID] Interval Transfer Bitrate Total Datagrams
[ 5] 0.00-1.00 sec 5.59 GBytes 48.1 Gbits/sec 183313
[ 5] 1.00-2.00 sec 5.64 GBytes 48.5 Gbits/sec 184847
[ 5] 2.00-3.00 sec 5.69 GBytes 48.9 Gbits/sec 186537
[ 5] 3.00-4.00 sec 5.67 GBytes 48.7 Gbits/sec 185850
[ 5] 4.00-5.00 sec 5.68 GBytes 48.8 Gbits/sec 186066
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
[ ID] Interval Transfer Bitrate Jitter Lost/Total Datagrams
[ 5] 0.00-5.00 sec 28.3 GBytes 48.6 Gbits/sec 0.000 ms 0/926613 (0%) sender
[ 5] 0.00-5.00 sec 28.2 GBytes 48.4 Gbits/sec 0.002 ms 3205/926613 (0.35%) receiver
iperf Done.
speedtest-cli
sudo apt install speedtest-cli
## test
☁ ~ speedtest-cli
Retrieving speedtest.net configuration...
Testing from China Telecom (222.210.154.238)...
Retrieving speedtest.net server list...
Selecting best server based on ping...
Hosted by China Mobile Henan 5G (Zhengzhou) [1002.18 km]: 38.196 ms
Testing download speed................................................................................
Download: 131.17 Mbit/s
Testing upload speed......................................................................................................
Upload: 28.33 Mbit/s
